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Compare Norfolk Island (2005) - Macau (2002)
Compare Norfolk Island (2005) z Macau (2002)
| Norfolk Island (2005) | Macau (2002) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | none (territory of Australia) | none (special administrative region of China) |
| Age structure | 0-14 years: 20.2%
15-64 years: 63.9% 65 years and over: 15.9% (2005 est.) |
0-14 years: 21.8% (male 52,262; female 48,439)
15-64 years: 70.9% (male 154,942; female 172,647) 65 years and over: 7.3% (male 13,616; female 19,927) (2002 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | Norfolk Island pine seed, Kentia palm seed, cereals, vegetables, fruit; cattle, poultry | rice, vegetables |
| Airports | 1 (2004 est.) | 1 (2001) |
| Airports - with paved runways | total: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.) |
total: 1
over 3,047 m: 1 (2002) |
| Area | total: 34.6 sq km
land: 34.6 sq km water: 0 sq km |
total: 25.4 sq km
land: 25.4 sq km water: 0 sq km |
| Area - comparative | about 0.2 times the size of Washington, DC | about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC |
| Background | Two British attempts at establishing the island as a penal colony (1788-1814 and 1825-55) were ultimately abandoned. In 1856, the island was resettled by Pitcairn Islanders, descendants of the Bounty mutineers and their Tahitian companions. | Colonized by the Portuguese in the 16th century, Macau was the first European settlement in the Far East. Pursuant to an agreement signed by China and Portugal on 13 April 1987, Macau became the Macau Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China on 20 December 1999. China has promised that, under its "one country, two systems" formula, China's socialist economic system will not be practiced in Macau and that Macau will enjoy a high degree of autonomy in all matters except foreign and defense affairs. |
| Birth rate | NA | 12.19 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Budget | revenues: $20 million
expenditures: $20 million, including capital expenditures of $2 million (FY99/00) |
revenues: $1.15 billion
expenditures: $1.03 billion, including capital expenditures of $166 million (2000 est.) |
| Capital | Kingston | - |
| Climate | subtropical; mild, little seasonal temperature variation | subtropical; marine with cool winters, warm summers |
| Coastline | 32 km | 41 km |
| Constitution | Norfolk Island Act of 1979 | Basic Law, approved in March 1993 by China's National People's Congress, is Macau's "mini-constitution" |
| Country name | conventional long form: Territory of Norfolk Island
conventional short form: Norfolk Island |
conventional long form: Macau Special Administrative Region
conventional short form: Macau local long form: Aomen Tebie Xingzhengqu (Chinese); Regiao Administrativa Especial de Macau (Portuguese) local short form: Aomen (Chinese); Macau (Portuguese) |
| Currency | - | pataca (MOP) |
| Death rate | NA | 3.78 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Debt - external | NA | $1.5 billion (1998) |
| Dependency status | territory of Australia; Canberra administers Commonwealth responsibilities on Norfolk Island through the Department of Environment, Sport, and Territories | special administrative region of China |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | none (territory of Australia) | the US has no offices in Macau, and US interests are monitored by the US Consulate General in Hong Kong |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | none (territory of Australia) | none (special administrative region of China) |
| Disputes - international | none | none |
| Economic aid - recipient | NA | $NA |
| Economy - overview | Tourism, the primary economic activity, has steadily increased over the years and has brought a level of prosperity unusual among inhabitants of the Pacific islands. The agricultural sector has become self-sufficient in the production of beef, poultry, and eggs. | Macau's economy two years after reversion to China remains one of the most open in the world, according to the World Trade Organization. The government collects no duty on imports and sets no restrictions on exports beyond those required by international agreements. The territory's net exports of goods and services account for 35% of GDP, with tourism and apparel exports as the mainstays. The territory therefore has been hit hard by the 2001 downturn in its key US and EU export markets. Tourism remained strong, however, driven by a surge in visitors from mainland China. In response to the expected contraction of the economy in 2002, the government has announced a stimulative income tax cut and public works program that will push the budget into deficit. China already has extended support by easing restrictions on travel to Macau and is proposing a China-Hong Kong-Macau free trade area. China's economic weight is increasingly felt, with the mainland now holding more than 50% of assets in the financial, real estate, and construction sectors. Mainlanders, however, have been excluded from bidding on the gambling industry licenses that Macau is offering to break up the territory's four-decade-old gambling monopoly. Gambling taxes account for up to 60% of revenue, and the government with Beijing's backing intends to revitalize the industry. |
| Electricity - consumption | NA kWh | 1.476 billion kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - exports | - | 1 million kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - imports | - | 175 million kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - production | NA kWh | 1.4 billion kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - production by source | - | fossil fuel: 100%
hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000) |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point: Mount Bates 319 m |
lowest point: South China Sea 0 m
highest point: Coloane Alto 172.4 m |
| Environment - current issues | NA | NA |
| Ethnic groups | descendants of the Bounty mutineers, Australian, New Zealander, Polynesians | Chinese 95%, Macanese (mixed Portuguese and Asian ancestry), Portuguese, other |
| Exchange rates | Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.3598 (2004), 1.5419 (2003), 1.8406 (2002), 1.9334 (2001), 1.7248 (2000) | patacas per US dollar - 8.033 (January 2002), 8.034 (2001), 8.026 (2000), 7.992 (1999), 7.979 (1998), 7.975 (1997); note - linked to the Hong Kong dollar at the rate of 1.03 patacas per Hong Kong dollar |
| Executive branch | chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); the UK and Australia are represented by Administrator Grant TAMBLING (since 1 November 2003)
head of government: Assembly President and Chief Minister Geoffrey Robert GARDNER (since 5 December 2001) cabinet: Executive Council is made up of four of the nine members of the Legislative Assembly; the council devises government policy and acts as an advisor to the administrator elections: the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the governor general of Australia; chief minister elected by the Legislative Assembly for a term of not more than three years; election last held 20 Ocotber 2004 (next to be held by December 2007) election results: Geoffrey Robert GARDNER elected chief minister; percent of Legislative Assembly vote - 17.2% |
chief of state: President of China JIANG Zemin (since 27 March 1993)
head of government: Chief Executive Edmund HO Hau-wah (since 20 December 1999) cabinet: Executive Council consists of all five government secretaries, three legislators, and two businessmen elections: chief executive chosen by a 200-member selection committee for up to two five-year terms |
| Exports | $1.5 million f.o.b. (FY99/00) | $2.5 billion f.o.b. (2000) |
| Exports - commodities | postage stamps, seeds of the Norfolk Island pine and Kentia palm, small quantities of avocados | clothing, textiles, cement, electronics, cameras |
| Exports - partners | Australia, other Pacific island countries, NZ, Asia, Europe | US 48%, EU 28%, China 10%, Hong Kong 7% (2000) |
| Fiscal year | 1 July - 30 June | calendar year |
| Flag description | three vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and green with a large green Norfolk Island pine tree centered in the slightly wider white band | light green with a lotus flower above a stylized bridge and water in white, beneath an arc of five gold, five-pointed stars: one large in center of arc and four smaller |
| GDP | - | purchasing power parity - $8 billion (2001 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture: NA
industry: NA services: NA |
agriculture: 1%
industry: 25% services: 74% (2000 est.) |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - NA | purchasing power parity - $17,600 (2001 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | NA | 0.5% (2001 est.) |
| Geographic coordinates | 29 02 S, 167 57 E | 22 10 N, 113 33 E |
| Geography - note | most of the 32-km coastline consists of almost inaccessible cliffs, but the land slopes down to the sea in one small southern area on Sydney Bay, where the capital of Kingston is situated | essentially urban; one causeway and two bridges connect the two islands of Coloane and Taipa to the peninsula on mainland |
| Highways | total: 80 km
paved: 53 km unpaved: 27 km (2001) |
total: 50 km
paved: 50 km unpaved: 0 km (2001) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA |
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
| Imports | $17.9 million c.i.f. (FY91/92) | $2.3 billion c.i.f. (2000) |
| Imports - commodities | NA | clothing, textiles, yarn, minerals, electrical machinery, fuel, livestock |
| Imports - partners | Australia, other Pacific island countries, NZ, Asia, Europe | China 41%, Hong Kong 15%, EU 10%, Taiwan 10%, Japan 6% (2000) |
| Independence | none (territory of Australia) | none (special administrative region of China) |
| Industrial production growth rate | NA | NA% |
| Industries | tourism, light industry, ready mixed concrete | tourism, gambling, clothing, textiles, electronics, footwear, toys |
| Infant mortality rate | total: NA
male: NA female: NA |
4.44 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | NA | -2% (2001 est.) |
| International organization participation | UPU | CCC, ESCAP (associate), IHO, IMO (associate), Interpol (subbureau), ISO (correspondent), UNESCO (associate), WMO, WToO (associate), WTrO |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | - | 1 (2000) |
| Irrigated land | NA | NA sq km |
| Judicial branch | Supreme Court; Court of Petty Sessions | The Court of Final Appeal in the Macau Special Administrative Region |
| Labor force | 1,345 | 218,000 (2001) |
| Labor force - by occupation | tourism 90%, subsistence agriculture 10% | restaurants and hotels 26%, manufacturing 20%, other services and agriculture 54% (2000 est.) |
| Land boundaries | 0 km | total: 0.34 km
border countries: China 0.34 km |
| Land use | arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2001) |
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% note: "green areas" represent 22.4% (1998 est.) |
| Languages | English (official), Norfolk a mixture of 18th century English and ancient Tahitian | Portuguese, Chinese (Cantonese) |
| Legal system | based on the laws of Australia, local ordinances and acts; English common law applies in matters not covered by either Australian or Norfolk Island law | based on Portuguese civil law system |
| Legislative branch | unicameral Legislative Assembly (9 seats; members elected by electors who have nine equal votes each but only four votes can be given to any one candidate; members serve three-year terms)
elections: last held 20 October 2004 (next to be held by December 2007) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 9 (note - no political parties) |
unicameral Legislative Council or LEGCO (27 seats; 10 elected by popular vote, 10 by indirect vote, and 7 appointed by the chief executive; members serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 23 September 2001 (next to be held NA 2005) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats by political bloc - Entertainment Industry 3, pro-democracy 2, pro-Beijing Labor Union 2, pro-Beijing Neighborhood Association 2, pro-business 1 |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population: NA
male: NA female: NA |
total population: 81.78 years
male: 78.97 years female: 84.73 years (2002 est.) |
| Literacy | NA | definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 90% male: 93% female: 86% (1981 est.) |
| Location | Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Australia | Eastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and China |
| Map references | Oceania | Southeast Asia |
| Maritime claims | territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm |
not specified |
| Merchant marine | - | none (2002 est.) |
| Military - note | defense is the responsibility of Australia | responsibility for defense reverted to China on 20 December 1999 |
| Military branches | - | no regular indigenous military forces; responsibility for defense reverted to China on 20 December 1999; there is a local police force |
| Military manpower - availability | - | males age 15-49: 128,005 (2002 est.) |
| Military manpower - fit for military service | - | males age 15-49: 70,508 (2002 est.) |
| National holiday | Bounty Day (commemorates the arrival of Pitcairn Islanders), 8 June (1856) | National Day (Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China), 1 October (1949); note - 20 December 1999 is celebrated as Macau Special Administrative Region Establishment Day |
| Nationality | noun: Norfolk Islander(s)
adjective: Norfolk Islander(s) |
noun: Chinese
adjective: Chinese |
| Natural hazards | typhoons (especially May to July) | typhoons |
| Natural resources | fish | NEGL |
| Net migration rate | NA | 9.08 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Political parties and leaders | none | there are no formal political parties, however, there are civic associations that, for purposes of legislative voting, join together to form political blocs |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | none | Catholic Church [Domingos LAM, bishop]; Macau Society of Tourism and Entertainment or STDM [Stanley HO, managing director]; Union for Democracy Development [Antonio NG Kuok-cheong, leader] |
| Population | 1,828 (July 2005 est.) | 461,833 (July 2002 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | NA | NA% |
| Population growth rate | -0.01% (2005 est.) | 1.75% (2002 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | none; loading jetties at Kingston and Cascade | Macau |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 1, FM 3, shortwave 0 (2005) | AM 0, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998) |
| Radios | - | 160,000 (1997) |
| Railways | - | 0 km |
| Religions | Anglican 34.9%, Roman Catholic 11.7%, Uniting Church in Australia 11.2%, Seventh-Day Adventist 2.8%, Australian Christian 2.4%, Jehovah's Witness 0.9%, other 2.7%, unspecified 15.3%, none 18.1% (2001 census) | Buddhist 50%, Roman Catholic 15%, none and other 35% (1997 est.) |
| Sex ratio | NA | at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.08 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.9 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2002 est.) |
| Suffrage | 18 years of age; universal | direct election 18 years of age, universal for permanent residents living in Macau for the past seven years; indirect election limited to organizations registered as "corporate voters" (257 are currently registered) and a 300-member Election Committee drawn from broad regional groupings, municipal organizations, and central government bodies |
| Telephone system | general assessment: adequate
domestic: free local calls international: country code - 672; undersea coaxial cable links with Australia, New Zealand, and Canada; satellite earth station |
general assessment: fairly modern communication facilities maintained for domestic and international services
domestic: NA international: HF radiotelephone communication facility; access to international communications carriers provided via Hong Kong and China; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) |
| Telephones - main lines in use | 2,532; note - a mix of analog (2500) and digital (32) circuits (2004) | 176,902 (November 2001) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | 0 (proposed cellular service disallowed in August 2002 island referendum) (2002) | 158,251 (November 2001) |
| Television broadcast stations | 1 (local programming station plus two repeaters that bring in Australian programs by satellite) (2005) | 0 (receives Hong Kong broadcasts) (1997) |
| Terrain | volcanic formation with mostly rolling plains | generally flat |
| Total fertility rate | NA | 1.31 children born/woman (2002 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | 0% | 6.5% (2001 est.) |
| Waterways | - | none |
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